Colorectal cancer, commonly referred to as colon cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While it primarily affects individuals over the age of 50, younger adults are increasingly being diagnosed with the disease. The good news is that colorectal cancer is highly preventable and treatable when detected early through regular screening. 

Screening plays a crucial role in identifying precancerous polyps and early-stage cancer before symptoms appear. Advanced screening techniques have significantly reduced mortality rates by enabling early detection and timely intervention. By understanding the symptoms and available screening options, individuals can take steps to safeguard their health. 

If you are over 45 or have a family history of colorectal cancer, it is essential to discuss screening options with your healthcare provider. Early detection can make all the difference.  

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Blood in stool or rectal bleeding
• Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and anemia
• Loss of appetite

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider promptly.

How to Screen for Colon Cancer?

Screening methods include:

Colonoscopy: 

A comprehensive test recommended for individuals aged 45 and older.

If there is a family history of colon cancer, start screening 10 years before the age of diagnosis in the affected relative.

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps.  It also allows doctors to visualize the entire colon and rectum, identifying abnormalities that other tests might miss. 

During the procedure, doctors can remove precancerous polyps, preventing them from developing into cancer.   Colonoscopy helps to detect cancer at an early stage when it's most treatable.

Other Screening Methods:

Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) or Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Annual tests to detect hidden blood in stool. Main advantages are that it is noninvasive, simple and can be done at home

To Remember: Before the Test (3 days prior):

• Avoid red meat: Do not consume red meat (beef, lamb, pork) for 3 days before the test. This is because red meat can cause a false positive result due to the blood in the meat.
• Avoid certain fruits and vegetables: Some foods, like turnips, radishes, melons, broccoli, and cauliflower, can interfere with the test and should be avoided for a few days before.
• Limit Vitamin C

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: 

Recommended every 5 years. Preferably people who are screened with sigmoidoscopy should be tested annually with FIT.  It is Less invasive. Sigmoidoscopy examines only the lower portion of the colon, making it less invasive than a colonoscopy. It is a short procedure compared to colonoscopy and doesn’t require sedation. However it see only the lower part of colon misses the rest. An abnormality detected during sigmoidoscopy needs follow up with colonoscopy.

CT Colonography: 

A non-invasive alternative performed every 5 years. It is noninvasive and has good accuracy but can miss small polyps and some abnormalities. It is better to do as part of a comprehensive screening process.

Screening Intervals by Age

Ages 50-75

• Annual FIT/FOBT: To identify early signs of cancer.
• Colonoscopy: Every 10 years for detailed examination.
• Sigmoidoscopy: Every 5 years.

Ages 45-50

• Screening is strongly advised for individuals in this age group.

Individuals with Family History of Colon Cancer

• Begin screening 10 years earlier than the age of diagnosis in the affected family member.

Over 75 Years Old

• Screening should be personalized based on the individual’s health and life expectancy.

Take Control of Your Health with Regular Screenings

Colon cancer is a major health concern, but the good news is that it is highly preventable and treatable when detected early. Regular screenings such as colonoscopy, FIT/FOBT, sigmoidoscopy and CT colonography play a crucial role in early diagnosis, significantly reducing the risk of advanced colorectal cancer. If you are in your late forties or have a family history of colon cancer or experience any symptoms, it is essential to discuss your screening options with a healthcare professional. 

Take a proactive step toward your health today! Schedule your screening at Amrita Hospital and consult our expert team for personalised guidance. Book your appointment now!